Museum exhibitions have stricter requirements for lighting to avoid damage to artworks ( Hurlbert and Cuttle, 2020). Therefore, to provide a high-quality emotional experience as the display space needs, an abstract study of lighting, individuals, visual objects, and space atmosphere is particularly important.Ī common field of research related to lighting and display space is museum research. The design of illumination in space has a certain universality, but it is unique due to the different interrelationships among lighting, people, visual objects, and space needs ( Lee, 2019). As we value the storytelling and immersive experience of display space, it is particularly important to understand the role of design elements in the space, especially illumination since this is considered to be one of the most complex design elements that combines technology, perception, and appreciation ( Kuijsters et al., 2015). Recently, with the development of digital technology, colored lights have been widely used to improve the emotional experience of individuals in space ( Lee and Lee, 2022). The artistic expression of lighting is inherently diverse, and the fusion between it and the expression of visual objects is an interesting part of art communication ( Schielke, 2020). The visual effect of illumination is an important factor to be taken into account in the selection of lighting in a space, which can guide visual attention and provide color and rendering scenarios for the environment ( David et al., 2019). Research suggests that an individual's experience will be affected by factors such as labels, the way of hanging/display, and illumination ( Pelowski et al., 2017). An individual's experience is influenced by various sensory factors. An important part of this observation process is an individual's experience in the space. Moreover, with the development of human–computer interactions, the metaverse, and other technologies into all aspects of our lives, display space involves not only the observation of these visual objects in the real space environment, but also the virtual environment and even the combination of them ( Song and Yamada, 2019). This kind of display space is not limited to museums and art galleries, and is found even in shopping centers, homes, laboratories, or entertainment spaces. The process of observing a visual object occurs in various display spaces in our daily life, such as people observing graphics, images, and objects that can be seen everywhere, as well as observing scenes in movies and games ( Castelhano and Krzyś, 2020). Therefore, this study discusses the feasibility of colored lights as a display method, which has potential application prospects for constructing different space atmospheres. At the same time, different colors of light have a certain relevance to participants' impressions and this provides further research value for the design of the colored light environment in an individual's affective impressions. The results show that different colors of light have a significant effect on mood, and red light can arouse emotional changes to calm, irritated, relaxed, nervous, stability, and pleasure. Participants watched two sets of visual images under four different lighting conditions and provided feedback on their emotions and evaluations through the Multiple Mood States Scale, Two-Dimensional Mood Scale, and Semantic Differential Scale. To better understand the lighting environment in the observation process, the project studied the effects of four groups of lights (green, blue, red, and yellow) on the participants' moods and impressions. This research improves the understanding of the emotional impact of colored light in space. However, in the study of an individual's affective impressions, there is still some uncertainty about how colored lights affect an individual's moods and impressions toward visual objects. Besides, specific lighting can create a specific atmosphere according to space requirements. On certain occasions, reasonable lighting design can regulate people's emotions and improve their feelings of comfort in a space. The lighting environment has an important influence on the psychological and physical aspects of a person. 3Faculty of Art and Design, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan.2Academy of Arts and Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.1School of Art and Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.Xing Xie 1 Jun Cai 1,2 * Hai Fang 1 Xiaoying Tang 1 Toshimasa Yamanaka 3 *
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